1. Defining the individual gifts: Paul’s list in 1 Corinthians 12:8-10
2. A Word of Wisdom (v.8)
2.1. Meaning: Though we find no other occurrence of this term in the Bible, and Paul does not define it, it would seem natural to understand Paul’s meaning as the speaking of words containing divinely revealed wisdom. As opposed to natural wisdom, which all Christians should seek and cultivate, this may refer to occasions when natural wisdom is inadequate, and God’s Spirit reveals the wise course of action in counsel.
2.2. Exceptional, problem resolving wisdom is manifested in Old Testament characters such as Solomon (e.g., 1 Kings 3:23-28) and Ahithophel (2 Sam.16:23), though the latter’s wisdom is not stated to have been a divine gift.
2.2.1. 1 Kings 3:23-28 23 The king said, “This one says, ‘My son is alive and your son is dead,’ while that one says, ‘No! Your son is dead and mine is alive.’” 24 Then the king said, “Bring me a sword.” So they brought a sword for the king. 25 He then gave an order: “Cut the living child in two and give half to one and half to the other.” 26 The woman whose son was alive was deeply moved out of love for her son and said to the king, “Please, my lord, give her the living baby! Don’t kill him!” But the other said, “Neither I nor you shall have him. Cut him in two!” 27 Then the king gave his ruling: “Give the living baby to the first woman. Do not kill him; she is his mother.” 28 When all Israel heard the verdict the king had given, they held the king in awe, because they saw that he had wisdom from God to administer justice.
2.2.2. 2 Sam.16:23 Now in those days the advice Ahithophel gave was like that of one who inquires of God. That was how both David and Absalom regarded all of Ahithophel’s advice.
2.3. Since we have the mind of Christ (1 Cor.2:16), wisdom such as that which He exhibited can be given to the church through persons receiving this gift. The decision of James, at the Jerusalem Council, may be an example of this
2.3.1. 1 Cor.2:16 for, “Who has known the mind of the Lord so as to instruct him?” But we have the mind of Christ.
2.3.2. Acts 15:13 3 When they finished, James spoke up. “Brothers,” he said, “listen to me.
2.3.3. Acts 19-20 19 “It is my judgment, therefore, that we should not make it difficult for the Gentiles who are turning to God. 20 Instead we should write to them, telling them to abstain from food polluted by idols, from sexual immorality, from the meat of strangled animals and from blood.
2.3.4. Acts 28-29 28 It seemed good to the Holy Spirit and to us not to burden you with anything beyond the following requirements: 29 You are to abstain from food sacrificed to idols, from blood, from the meat of strangled animals and from sexual immorality. You will do well to avoid these things.
3. A Word of Knowledge (v.8)
3.1. Meaning: The phrase is used only here in the New Testament. When used in the Old Testament, the terminology seems to only speak of words expressing or imparting knowledge (Prov.19:27; 23:12). Most charismatic teachers equate this with the supernaturally-revealed knowledge of some fact that is otherwise unknown or unknowable to the one receiving it.
3.1.1. Prov.19:27 Stop listening to instruction, my son, and you will stray from the words of knowledge.
3.1.2. Prov.23:12 Apply your heart to instruction and your ears to words of knowledge.
3.2. There are examples of this phenomenon in the Old Testament, in the ministry of Jesus, and in that of Peter, though not called by this name
3.2.1. John 4:17-18 Jesus said to her, “You are right when you say you have no husband. 18 The fact is, you have had five husbands, and the man you now have is not your husband. What you have just said is quite true.”
3.2.2. Acts 5:3-5 3 Then Peter said, “Ananias, how is it that Satan has so filled your heart that you have lied to the Holy Spirit and have kept for yourself some of the money you received for the land? 4 Didn’t it belong to you before it was sold? And after it was sold, wasn’t the money at your disposal? What made you think of doing such a thing? You have not lied just to human beings but to God.”
4. Faith (v.9)
4.1. Meaning: Faith has many facets, but that which Paul refers to here seems to be that particular faith that enables one to perform stupendous exploits
4.1.1. 1 Cor.13:2 If I have the gift of prophecy and can fathom all mysteries and all knowledge, and if I have a faith that can move mountains, but do not have love, I am nothing.
4.1.2. Heb.11:32-35 And what more shall I say? I do not have time to tell about Gideon, Barak, Samson and Jephthah, about David and Samuel and the prophets, 33 who through faith conquered kingdoms, administered justice, and gained what was promised; who shut the mouths of lions, 34 quenched the fury of the flames, and escaped the edge of the sword; whose weakness was turned to strength; and who became powerful in battle and routed foreign armies. 35 Women received back their dead, raised to life again.
4.2. Faith exploits would include the ability to face down dangers and severe trials—even to be faithful unto death, which is exhibited in certain saints
4.2.1. Job 13:15 Though he slay me, yet will I hope in him; I will surely[a] defend my ways to his face.
4.2.2. Heb.11:35b-39 There were others who were tortured, refusing to be released so that they might gain an even better resurrection. 36 Some faced jeers and flogging, and even chains and imprisonment. 37 They were put to death by stoning;[e] they were sawed in two; they were killed by the sword. They went about in sheepskins and goatskins, destitute, persecuted and mistreated— 38 the world was not worthy of them. They wandered in deserts and mountains, living in caves and in holes in the ground. 39 These were all commended for their faith, yet none of them received what had been promised, 40 since God had planned something better for us so that only together with us would they be made perfect.
4.3. There have been many examples of inspiring faith throughout church history. The faith of special men like George Müller and Hudson Taylor may well be another manifestation of this gift.
5. Gifts of Healings (v.9)
5.1. Meaning: “Healings” is a noun, not a verb. It is not something that is done, but something received.
5.2. This is not the ability to supernaturally perform healings (for how would that be distinguished from the previous gift of working miracles?), nor is it the natural art of a physician to treat and cure illness.
5.3. Though miraculous healings were performed by the apostles, these involved the gift of working miracles (on the apostles’ part) and gifts of healings (on the part of the recipients).
5.4. The healing of all sicknesses is not guaranteed in scripture. A healing is a special “gift” that God gives to some people, curing a sickness which presumably would not have occurred naturally (Paul refers to his deliverance from death as a “gift” [charisma] in
5.4.1. 2 Corinthians 1:9-11 Indeed, we felt we had received the sentence of death. But this happened that we might not rely on ourselves but on God, who raises the dead. 10 He has delivered us from such a deadly peril, and he will deliver us again. On him we have set our hope that he will continue to deliver us, 11 as you help us by your prayers. Then many will give thanks on our behalf for the gracious favor granted us in answer to the prayers of many.
5.5. This may be what Paul had in mind when he spoke of the recovery of Epaphroditus (Phil.2:27). It was a gift denied to Paul himself (2 Cor.12:7-10), and, apparently, to Timothy (2 Tim.5:23) and to Trophimus (2 Tim.4:20)
5.5.1. Phil.2:27 Indeed he was ill, and almost died. But God had mercy on him, and not on him only but also on me, to spare me sorrow upon sorrow.
5.5.2. 2 Cor.12:7-10 Therefore, in order to keep me from becoming conceited, I was given a thorn in my flesh, a messenger of Satan, to torment me. 8 Three times I pleaded with the Lord to take it away from me. 9 But he said to me, “My grace is sufficient for you, for my power is made perfect in weakness.” Therefore I will boast all the more gladly about my weaknesses, so that Christ’s power may rest on me. 10 That is why, for Christ’s sake, I delight in weaknesses, in insults, in hardships, in persecutions, in difficulties. For when I am weak, then I am strong.
5.5.3. 1 Tim.5:23 Stop drinking only water, and use a little wine because of your stomach and your frequent illnesses.
5.5.4. 2 Tim.4:20 Erastus stayed in Corinth, and I left Trophimus sick in Miletus.
5.6. Exorcisms are also in the category of “healings”
5.6.1. Matt.12:22 Then they brought him a demon-possessed man who was blind and mute, and Jesus healed him, so that he could both talk and see.
5.6.2. Acts 10:38 how God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Spirit and power, and how he went around doing good and healing all who were under the power of the devil, because God was with him.
5.7. Prayer for healing is sometimes accompanied by anointing with oil
5.7.1. Mark 6:13 They drove out many demons and anointed many sick people with oil and healed them.
5.7.2. James 5:14 Is anyone among you sick? Let them call the elders of the church to pray over them and anoint them with oil in the name of the Lord.
6. Working of Miracles (v.10) Probably connected with the previous gift: healings
6.1. Meaning: Miracles are supernatural interventions of God into the natural world so as to supersede or contravene the normal course of events that natural processes would have dictated. God sometimes does these unilaterally, or in answer to prayer, or through a human agent.
6.2. Two common words in the Greek New Testament refer to such events, when performed through human instrumentality. The word dunamis means “powers” and refers to “works demonstrating God’s power.” The word semeion means “signs” and underscores the function of a miracle as that which communicates the presence of God and His endorsement of the messenger
6.2.1. Mark 16:20 Then the disciples went out and preached everywhere, and the Lord worked with them and confirmed his word by the signs that accompanied it.
6.2.2. Acts 4:29-30 Now, Lord, consider their threats and enable your servants to speak your word with great boldness.
6.2.3. Heb.2:3-4 how shall we escape if we ignore so great a salvation? This salvation, which was first announced by the Lord, was confirmed to us by those who heard him. 4 God also testified to it by signs, wonders and various miracles, and by gifts of the Holy Spirit distributed according to his will.
6.3. Miracles are not seen as the actions of the human individual, but of Christ continuing His miraculous activities, working through members of His Body on earth
6.3.1. Acts 3:12 When Peter saw this, he said to them: “Fellow Israelites, why does this surprise you? Why do you stare at us as if by our own power or godliness we had made this man walk?
6.3.2. Acts 3:16 By faith in the name of Jesus, this man whom you see and know was made strong. It is Jesus’ name and the faith that comes through him that has completely healed him, as you can all see.
6.3.3. Acts 9:33-34 There he found a man named Aeneas, who was paralyzed and had been bedridden for eight years. 34 “Aeneas,” Peter said to him, “Jesus Christ heals you. Get up and roll up your mat.” Immediately Aeneas got up.
6.4. The most common miracles of the New Testament include: Healing all manner of sickness, Exorcism of demons, Raising the dead—alongside the much less-common events such as: striking supernatural judgment on evildoers, multiplication of food, calming storms with a command, walking on water, turning water to wine, etc.
6.5. Mostly performed by the apostles
6.5.1. Acts 2:43 Everyone was filled with awe at the many wonders and signs performed by the apostles.
6.5.2. Acts 19:11-12 God did extraordinary miracles through Paul, 12 so that even handkerchiefs and aprons that had touched him were taken to the sick, and their illnesses were cured and the evil spirits left them.
6.5.3. 2 Cor.12:12 I persevered in demonstrating among you the marks of a true apostle, including signs, wonders and miracles.
6.6. Also by evangelists
6.6.1. Acts 6:8 Now Stephen, a man full of God’s grace and power, performed great wonders and signs among the people.
6.6.2. Acts 8:6-7 When the crowds heard Philip and saw the signs he performed, they all paid close attention to what he said. 7 For with shrieks, impure spirits came out of many, and many who were paralyzed or lame were healed.
7. Prophecy (v.10)
7.1. Meaning: A word from the Lord, often spoken in the 1st person, as from the mouth of Jesus
7.1.1. Rev.19:10 At this I fell at his feet to worship him. But he said to me, “Don’t do that! I am a fellow servant with you and with your brothers and sisters who hold to the testimony of Jesus. Worship God! For it is the Spirit of prophecy who bears testimony to Jesus.”
7.2. The Spirit of prophecy in all God’s people
7.2.1. Num.11:24-29 So Moses went out and told the people what the Lord had said. He brought together seventy of their elders and had them stand around the tent. 25 Then the Lord came down in the cloud and spoke with him, and he took some of the power of the Spirit that was on him and put it on the seventy elders. When the Spirit rested on them, they prophesied—but did not do so again. 26 However, two men, whose names were Eldad and Medad, had remained in the camp. They were listed among the elders, but did not go out to the tent. Yet the Spirit also rested on them, and they prophesied in the camp. 27 A young man ran and told Moses, “Eldad and Medad are prophesying in the camp.” 28 Joshua son of Nun, who had been Moses’ aide since youth, spoke up and said, “Moses, my lord, stop them!” 29 But Moses replied, “Are you jealous for my sake? I wish that all the Lord’s people were prophets and that the Lord would put his Spirit on them!” 30 Then Moses and the elders of Israel returned to the camp.
7.2.2. Joel 2:28-29 “And afterward, I will pour out my Spirit on all people. Your sons and daughters will prophesy, your old men will dream dreams, your young men will see visions. 29 Even on my servants, both men and women, I will pour out my Spirit in those days.
7.2.3. Acts 2:16-18 Repeats Joel
7.2.4. 1 Cor.14:1 Follow the way of love and eagerly desire gifts of the Spirit, especially prophecy.
7.2.5. 1 Cor. 14:39 Therefore, my brothers and sisters, be eager to prophesy, and do not forbid speaking in tongues.
7.3. The function of prophecy:
7.3.1. To edify, exhort and comfort 1 Cor.14:3 But the one who prophesies speaks to people for their strengthening, encouraging and comfort.
7.3.2. To predict the future—especially to forewarn
7.3.2.1. Amos3:7 Surely the Sovereign Lord does nothing without revealing his plan to his servants the prophets.
7.3.2.2. Acts 11:27-28 During this time some prophets came down from Jerusalem to Antioch. 28 One of them, named Agabus, stood up and through the Spirit predicted that a severe famine would spread over the entire Roman world. (This happened during the reign of Claudius.)
7.3.2.3. Acts 21:10-11 After we had been there a number of days, a prophet named Agabus came down from Judea. 11 Coming over to us, he took Paul’s belt, tied his own hands and feet with it and said, “The Holy Spirit says, ‘In this way the Jewish leaders in Jerusalem will bind the owner of this belt and will hand him over to the Gentiles.’”
7.3.3. To give personal direction
7.3.3.1. Acts 13:1-2 Now in the church at Antioch there were prophets and teachers: Barnabas, Simeon called Niger, Lucius of Cyrene, Manaen (who had been brought up with Herod the tetrarch) and Saul. 2 While they were worshiping the Lord and fasting, the Holy Spirit said, “Set apart for me Barnabas and Saul for the work to which I have called them.”
7.3.3.2. Acts 21:4 We sought out the disciples there and stayed with them seven days. Through the Spirit they urged Paul not to go on to Jerusalem.
7.3.4. To “lay bare” the secrets of the heart of the unbeliever
7.3.4.1. 1 Cor.14:24-25 But if an unbeliever or an inquirer comes in while everyone is prophesying, they are convicted of sin and are brought under judgment by all, 25 as the secrets of their hearts are laid bare. So they will fall down and worship God, exclaiming, “God is really among you!”
7.4. Paul’s instructions about prophecy’s use in the church service
7.4.1. 1 Cor.14:29-33 Two or three prophets should speak, and the others should weigh carefully what is said. 30 And if a revelation comes to someone who is sitting down, the first speaker should stop. 31 For you can all prophesy in turn so that everyone may be instructed and encouraged. 32 The spirits of prophets are subject to the control of prophets. 33 For God is not a God of disorder but of peace—as in all the congregations of the Lord’s people.
7.5. How does one prophesy?
7.5.1. Desire to do so
7.5.1.1. 1 Cor.14:1 Follow the way of love and eagerly desire gifts of the Spirit, especially prophecy.
7.5.1.2. 1 Cor. 14:39 Therefore, my brothers and sisters, be eager to prophesy, and do not forbid speaking in tongues.
7.5.2. The impulse
7.5.2.1. Amos 3:8 The lion has roared— who will not fear? The Sovereign Lord has spoken— who can but prophesy?
7.5.2.2. Jer.20:9 But if I say, “I will not mention his word or speak anymore in his name,” his word is in my heart like a fire, a fire shut up in my bones. I am weary of holding it in; indeed, I cannot.
7.5.3. By faith
7.5.3.1. Romans 12:6 We have different gifts, according to the grace given to each of us. If your gift is prophesying, then prophesy in accordance with your[a] faith;
8. Discerning of spirits
8.1. Meaning: Linked to prophecy as “interpretation” is linked to “tongues,” “discerning” (Gr. diakrisis) is the noun form of the word to “judge”
8.1.1. 1 Cor.14:29 Two or three prophets should speak, and the others should weigh carefully what is said.
8.1.2. The “proving” or “testing” of prophecy (Gr.dokimazo) is also mentioned
8.1.2.1. 1 Thess.5:20-21 Do not treat prophecies with contempt 21 but test them all; hold on to what is good,
8.1.2.2. 1 John 4:1 Dear friends, do not believe every spirit, but test the spirits to see whether they are from God, because many false prophets have gone out into the world.
8.1.2.3. Both Greek words speak of distinguishing the genuine from the false
8.2. How does one “judge” prophecy?
8.2.1. By revelation 1 Cor.14:29-30 Two or three prophets should speak, and the others should weigh carefully what is said. 30 And if a revelation comes to someone who is sitting down, the first speaker should stop.
8.2.2. Agreement with prior revelation
8.2.2.1. 1 Kgs 13:7-9 The king said to the man of God, “Come home with me for a meal, and I will give you a gift.” 8 But the man of God answered the king, “Even if you were to give me half your possessions, I would not go with you, nor would I eat bread or drink water here. 9 For I was commanded by the word of the Lord: ‘You must not eat bread or drink water or return by the way you came.’”
8.2.2.2. 1 Kgs 13:15-21 So the prophet said to him, “Come home with me and eat.” 16 The man of God said, “I cannot turn back and go with you, nor can I eat bread or drink water with you in this place. 17 I have been told by the word of the Lord: ‘You must not eat bread or drink water there or return by the way you came.’” 18 The old prophet answered, “I too am a prophet, as you are. And an angel said to me by the word of the Lord: ‘Bring him back with you to your house so that he may eat bread and drink water.’” (But he was lying to him.) 19 So the man of God returned with him and ate and drank in his house. 20 While they were sitting at the table, the word of the Lord came to the old prophet who had brought him back. 21 He cried out to the man of God who had come from Judah, “This is what the Lord says: ‘You have defied the word of the Lord and have not kept the command the Lord your God gave you.
8.2.2.3. Isa. 8:20 Consult God’s instruction and the testimony of warning. If anyone does not speak according to this word, they have no light of dawn.
8.2.3. Agreement with apostolic teaching
8.2.3.1. 1 Cor.14:37 If anyone thinks they are a prophet or otherwise gifted by the Spirit, let them acknowledge that what I am writing to you is the Lord’s command.
8.2.4. By its effect:
8.2.4.1. Does it glorify Christ?
8.2.4.1.1. 1 Cor.12:3 Therefore I want you to know that no one who is speaking by the Spirit of God says, “Jesus be cursed,” and no one can say, “Jesus is Lord,” except by the Holy Spirit.
8.2.4.2. Does it edify, exhort or comfort the church?
8.2.4.2.1. 1 Cor.14:3 But the one who prophesies speaks to people for their strengthening, encouraging and comfort.
8.2.4.3. Does it bring confusion?
8.2.4.3.1. 1 Cor.14:33 For God is not a God of disorder but of peace—as in all the congregations of the Lord’s people.
8.2.4.4. If it predicts something, does it come true?
8.2.4.4.1. Deut.18:22 If what a prophet proclaims in the name of the Lord does not take place or come true, that is a message the Lord has not spoken. That prophet has spoken presumptuously, so do not be alarmed.
8.2.4.4.2. Acts 11:27-28 During this time some prophets came down from Jerusalem to Antioch. 28 One of them, named Agabus, stood up and through the Spirit predicted that a severe famine would spread over the entire Roman world. (This happened during the reign of Claudius.)
9. Different kinds of Tongues
9.1. Meaning: Spontaneous utterance, by the power of Holy Spirit, in a language unknown by the speaker
9.2. Differs from Prophecy
9.2.1. It is addressed to God, whereas, in prophecy, God addresses people
9.2.1.1. 1 Cor.14:2 For anyone who speaks in a tongue[a] does not speak to people but to God. Indeed, no one understands them; they utter mysteries by the Spirit.
9.2.1.2. 1 Cor.14:14 For if I pray in a tongue, my spirit prays, but my mind is unfruitful.
9.2.1.3. 1 Cor.14:16-17 Otherwise when you are praising God in the Spirit, how can someone else, who is now put in the position of an inquirer, say “Amen” to your thanksgiving, since they do not know what you are saying? 17 You are giving thanks well enough, but no one else is edified.
9.2.2. It edifies the speaker, but not the church, if not interpreted
9.2.2.1. 1 Cor.14:4 Anyone who speaks in a tongue edifies themselves, but the one who prophesies edifies the church.
9.2.2.2. 1 Cor 14:18-19 I thank God that I speak in tongues more than all of you. 19 But in the church I would rather speak five intelligible words to instruct others than ten thousand words in a tongue.
9.2.2.3. Jude 20 But you, dear friends, by building yourselves up in your most holy faith and praying in the Holy Spirit,
9.3. “Kinds” of tongues
9.3.1. A sign to unbelievers
9.3.1.1. 1 Cor.14:21-22 In the Law it is written: “With other tongues and through the lips of foreigners I will speak to this people, but even then they will not listen to me, says the Lord.”
9.3.1.2. Acts 2
9.3.1.3. Involves speaking a recognizable language
9.3.1.4. Needs no interpretation
9.3.1.5. Is not known to be used for evangelism by missionaries to people of foreign lands
9.3.2. Ministry to edify the church
9.3.3. A language not understood by anyone present
9.3.3.1. 1 Cor.14:2 For anyone who speaks in a tongue[a] does not speak to people but to God. Indeed, no one understands them; they utter mysteries by the Spirit.
9.3.4. Should be restricted to a limited number
9.3.4.1. 1 Cor.14:27 If anyone speaks in a tongue, two—or at the most three—should speak, one at a time, and someone must interpret.
9.3.5. Must be done in orderly manner
9.3.5.1. 1 Cor.14:39-40 Therefore, my brothers and sisters, be eager to prophesy, and do not forbid speaking in tongues. 40 But everything should be done in a fitting and orderly way.
9.3.6. Requires interpretation
9.3.6.1. 1 Cor.14:5 I would like every one of you to speak in tongues,[b] but I would rather have you prophesy. The one who prophesies is greater than the one who speaks in tongues,[c] unless someone interprets, so that the church may be edified.
9.3.6.2. 1 Cor.14:28 If there is no interpreter, the speaker should keep quiet in the church and speak to himself and to God.
9.3.7. Private and devotional
9.3.7.1. 1 Cor.14:4 Anyone who speaks in a tongue edifies themselves, but the one who prophesies edifies the church.
9.3.7.1.1. 1 Cor.14:28 If there is no interpreter, the speaker should keep quiet in the church and speak to himself and to God.
9.3.7.2. Jude 20 But you, dear friends, by building yourselves up in your most holy faith and praying in the Holy Spirit,
9.3.8. Praying “in the Spirit”
9.3.8.1. 1 Cor.14:15-16 So what shall I do? I will pray with my spirit, but I will also pray with my understanding; I will sing with my spirit, but I will also sing with my understanding. 16 Otherwise when you are praising God in the Spirit, how can someone else, who is now put in the position of an inquirer,[d] say “Amen” to your thanksgiving, since they do not know what you are saying?
9.3.8.2. Eph.6:18 And pray in the Spirit on all occasions with all kinds of prayers and requests. With this in mind, be alert and always keep on praying for all the Lord’s people.
9.3.9. Prayers beyond our comprehension
9.3.9.1. 1 Cor.14:14 For if I pray in a tongue, my spirit prays, but my mind is unfruitful.
9.3.9.2. Rom.8:26-27 In the same way, the Spirit helps us in our weakness. We do not know what we ought to pray for, but the Spirit himself intercedes for us through wordless groans. 27 And he who searches our hearts knows the mind of the Spirit, because the Spirit intercedes for God’s people in accordance with the will of God.
9.3.10. Is it a language of angels?
9.3.10.1. 1 Cor.13:1 If I speak in the tongues[a] of men or of angels, but do not have love, I am only a resounding gong or a clanging cymbal.
9.3.11. It is under the control of the speaker
9.3.11.1. 1 Cor.14:27-28 If anyone speaks in a tongue, two—or at the most three—should speak, one at a time, and someone must interpret. 28 If there is no interpreter, the speaker should keep quiet in the church and speak to himself and to God.
10.The Interpretation of Tongues
10.1. Meaning: The supernatural ability through the Holy Spirit to render into a known language the otherwise unintelligible utterance of someone speaking in tongues.
10.2. This is not the natural ability of a bi-lingual person to translate what someone has said from one language to another.
10.3. There were, in some churches, those known to have this gift, called “interpreters”
10.3.1. 1 Cor.14:28 If there is no interpreter, the speaker should keep quiet in the church and speak to himself and to God
10.3.2. The speaker in tongues might also give the interpretation
10.3.2.1. 1 Cor.14:13 For this reason the one who speaks in a tongue should pray that they may interpret what they say.